YOLOv11改进-主干_Backbone篇-RevColV1可逆列目标检测网络（特征解耦助力小目标检测）

一、本文介绍

本文给大家带来的是主干网络 RevColV1 ，翻译过来就是可逆列网络，其是一种新型的神经网络设计 (和以前的网络结构的传播方式不太一样) ，由多个子网络（列）通过多级可逆连接组成。这种设计允许在前向传播过程中特征解耦，保持总信息无压缩或丢弃。其非常适合数据集庞大的目标检测任务， 数据集数量越多其效果性能越好 ，亲测在包含1000个图片的数据集上其涨点效果就非常明显了，大家可以多动手尝试， 其RevColV2的论文同时已经发布如果代码开源我也会第一时间给大家上传。

二、RevColV1的框架原理

官方论文地址： 官方论文地址

官方代码地址： 官方代码地址

2.1 RevColV1的基本原理

RevCol的主要原理和思想是利用可逆连接来设计网络结构，允许信息在网络的不同分支（列）间自由流动而不丢失。这种多列结构在前向传播过程中逐渐解耦特征，并保持全部信息，而不是进行压缩或舍弃。这样的设计提高了网络在图像分类、对象检测和语义分割等计算机视觉任务中的表现，尤其是在参数量大和数据集大时。

RevCol的创新点我将其总结为以下几点：

1. 可逆连接设计：通过多个子网络（列）间的可逆连接，保证信息在前向传播过程中不丢失。
2. 特征解耦：在每个列中，特征逐渐被解耦，保持总信息而非压缩或舍弃。
3. 适用于大型数据集和参数：在大型数据集和高参数预算下表现出色。
4. 跨模型应用：可作为宏架构方式，应用于变换器或其他神经网络，改善计算机视觉和NLP任务的性能。

简单总结： RevCol通过其独特的多列结构和可逆连接设计，使得网络能够在处理信息时保持完整性，提高特征处理的效率。这种架构在数据丰富且复杂的情况下尤为有效，且可灵活应用于不同类型的神经网络模型中。

其中的创新点第四点不用叙述了，网络结构可以应用于我们的 YOLOv8 就是最好的印证。

这是论文中的图片1，展示了传统单列网络（a）与RevCol（b）的信息传播对比。在图(a)中，信息通过一个接一个的层线性传播，每层处理后传递给下一层直至输出。而在图(b)中，RevCol通过多个并行列（Col 1 到 Col N）处理信息，其中可逆连接（蓝色曲线）允许信息在列间传递，保持低级别和语义级别的信息传播。这种结构有助于整个网络维持更丰富的信息，并且每个列都能从其他列中学习到信息，增强了特征的表达和网络的学习能力 (但是这种做法导致模型的参数量非常巨大，而且训练速度缓慢计算量比较大)。

2.1.1 可逆连接设计

在RevCol中的可逆连接设计允许多个子网络（称为列）之间进行信息的双向流动。这意味着在前向传播的过程中，每一列都能接收到前一列的信息，并将自己的处理结果传递给下一列，同时能够保留传递过程中的所有信息。这种设计避免了在传统的深度网络中常见的信息丢失问题，特别是在网络层次较深时。因此，RevCol可以在深层网络中维持丰富的特征表示，从而提高了模型对数据的表示能力和学习效率。

这张图片展示了RevCol网络的不同组成部分和信息流动方式。

图 (a) 展示了RevNet中的一个可逆单元，标识了不同时间步长的状态。
图 (b) 展示了多级可逆单元，所有输入在不同级别上进行信息交换。
图 (c) 提供了整个可逆列网络架构的概览，其中包含了简化的多级可逆单元。

整个设计允许信息在网络的不同层级和列之间自由流动，而不会丢失任何信息，这对于深层网络的学习和特征提取是非常有益的 (我觉得这里有点类似于Neck部分允许层级之间相互交流信息) 。

2.1.2 特征解耦

特征解耦是指在RevCol网络的每个子网络（列）中，特征通过可逆连接传递，同时独立地进行处理和学习。这样，每个列都能保持输入信息的完整性，而不会像传统的深度网络那样，在层与层之间传递时压缩或丢弃信息。随着信息在列中的前进，特征之间的关联性逐渐减弱（解耦），使得网络能够更细致地捕捉并强调重要的特征，这有助于提高模型在复杂任务上的性能和泛化能力。

这张图展示了RevCol网络的一个级别（Level l）的微观设计，以及特征融合模块（Fusion Block）的设计。在图（a）中，展示了ConvNeXt级别的标准结构，包括下采样块和残差块。图（b）中的RevCol级别包含了融合模块、残差块和可逆操作。这里的特征解耦是通过融合模块实现的，该模块接收相邻级别的特征图 $X_{t-1}$ , $X_{t-m+1}$ 作为输入，并将它们融合以生成新的特征表示。这样，不同级别的特征在融合过程中被解耦，每个级别维持其信息而不压缩或舍弃。图（c）详细描述了融合模块的内部结构，它通过上采样和下采样操作处理不同分辨率的特征图，然后将它们线性叠加，形成为ConvNeXt块提供的特征。这种设计让特征在不同分辨率间流动时进行有效融合。

2.2 RevColV1的表现

这张图片展示了伴随着FLOPs的增长TOP1的准确率情况，可以看出RevColV1伴随着FLOPs的增加效果逐渐明显。

三、RevColV1的核心代码

下面的代码是RevColV1的全部代码，其中包含多个版本，但是大家需要注意这个模型训练非常耗时，参数量非常大，但是其特点就是参数量越大效果越好。其使用方式看章节四。

# --------------------------------------------------------
# Reversible Column Networks
# Copyright (c) 2022 Megvii Inc.
# Licensed under The Apache License 2.0 [see LICENSE for details]
# Written by Yuxuan Cai
# --------------------------------------------------------
from typing import Tuple, Any, List
from timm.models.layers import trunc_normal_
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from timm.models.layers import DropPath
__all__ = ['revcol_tiny', 'revcol_small', 'revcol_base', 'revcol_large', 'revcol_xlarge']
class UpSampleConvnext(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, ratio, inchannel, outchannel):
        super().__init__()
        self.ratio = ratio
        self.channel_reschedule = nn.Sequential(
            # LayerNorm(inchannel, eps=1e-6, data_format="channels_last"),
            nn.Linear(inchannel, outchannel),
            LayerNorm(outchannel, eps=1e-6, data_format="channels_last"))
        self.upsample = nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2 ** ratio, mode='nearest')
    def forward(self, x):
        x = x.permute(0, 2, 3, 1)
        x = self.channel_reschedule(x)
        x = x = x.permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
        return self.upsample(x)
class LayerNorm(nn.Module):
    r""" LayerNorm that supports two data formats: channels_last (default) or channels_first.
    The ordering of the dimensions in the inputs. channels_last corresponds to inputs with
    shape (batch_size, height, width, channels) while channels_first corresponds to inputs
    with shape (batch_size, channels, height, width).
    """
    def __init__(self, normalized_shape, eps=1e-6, data_format="channels_first", elementwise_affine=True):
        super().__init__()
        self.elementwise_affine = elementwise_affine
        if elementwise_affine:
            self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(normalized_shape))
            self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(normalized_shape))
        self.eps = eps
        self.data_format = data_format
        if self.data_format not in ["channels_last", "channels_first"]:
            raise NotImplementedError
        self.normalized_shape = (normalized_shape,)
    def forward(self, x):
        if self.data_format == "channels_last":
            return F.layer_norm(x, self.normalized_shape, self.weight, self.bias, self.eps)
        elif self.data_format == "channels_first":
            u = x.mean(1, keepdim=True)
            s = (x - u).pow(2).mean(1, keepdim=True)
            x = (x - u) / torch.sqrt(s + self.eps)
            if self.elementwise_affine:
                x = self.weight[:, None, None] * x + self.bias[:, None, None]
            return x
class ConvNextBlock(nn.Module):
    r""" ConvNeXt Block. There are two equivalent implementations:
    (1) DwConv -> LayerNorm (channels_first) -> 1x1 Conv -> GELU -> 1x1 Conv; all in (N, C, H, W)
    (2) DwConv -> Permute to (N, H, W, C); LayerNorm (channels_last) -> Linear -> GELU -> Linear; Permute back
    We use (2) as we find it slightly faster in PyTorch
    Args:
        dim (int): Number of input channels.
        drop_path (float): Stochastic depth rate. Default: 0.0
        layer_scale_init_value (float): Init value for Layer Scale. Default: 1e-6.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channel, hidden_dim, out_channel, kernel_size=3, layer_scale_init_value=1e-6, drop_path=0.0):
        super().__init__()
        self.dwconv = nn.Conv2d(in_channel, in_channel, kernel_size=kernel_size, padding=(kernel_size - 1) // 2,
                                groups=in_channel)  # depthwise conv
        self.norm = nn.LayerNorm(in_channel, eps=1e-6)
        self.pwconv1 = nn.Linear(in_channel, hidden_dim)  # pointwise/1x1 convs, implemented with linear layers
        self.act = nn.GELU()
        self.pwconv2 = nn.Linear(hidden_dim, out_channel)
        self.gamma = nn.Parameter(layer_scale_init_value * torch.ones((out_channel)),
                                  requires_grad=True) if layer_scale_init_value > 0 else None
        self.drop_path = DropPath(drop_path) if drop_path > 0. else nn.Identity()
    def forward(self, x):
        input = x
        x = self.dwconv(x)
        x = x.permute(0, 2, 3, 1)  # (N, C, H, W) -> (N, H, W, C)
        x = self.norm(x)
        x = self.pwconv1(x)
        x = self.act(x)
        # print(f"x min: {x.min()}, x max: {x.max()}, input min: {input.min()}, input max: {input.max()}, x mean: {x.mean()}, x var: {x.var()}, ratio: {torch.sum(x>8)/x.numel()}")
        x = self.pwconv2(x)
        if self.gamma is not None:
            x = self.gamma * x
        x = x.permute(0, 3, 1, 2)  # (N, H, W, C) -> (N, C, H, W)
        x = input + self.drop_path(x)
        return x
class Decoder(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, depth=[2, 2, 2, 2], dim=[112, 72, 40, 24], block_type=None, kernel_size=3) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.depth = depth
        self.dim = dim
        self.block_type = block_type
        self._build_decode_layer(dim, depth, kernel_size)
        self.projback = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(
                in_channels=dim[-1],
                out_channels=4 ** 2 * 3, kernel_size=1),
            nn.PixelShuffle(4),
        )
    def _build_decode_layer(self, dim, depth, kernel_size):
        normal_layers = nn.ModuleList()
        upsample_layers = nn.ModuleList()
        proj_layers = nn.ModuleList()
        norm_layer = LayerNorm
        for i in range(1, len(dim)):
            module = [self.block_type(dim[i], dim[i], dim[i], kernel_size) for _ in range(depth[i])]
            normal_layers.append(nn.Sequential(*module))
            upsample_layers.append(nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2, mode='bilinear', align_corners=True))
            proj_layers.append(nn.Sequential(
                nn.Conv2d(dim[i - 1], dim[i], 1, 1),
                norm_layer(dim[i]),
                nn.GELU()
            ))
        self.normal_layers = normal_layers
        self.upsample_layers = upsample_layers
        self.proj_layers = proj_layers
    def _forward_stage(self, stage, x):
        x = self.proj_layers[stage](x)
        x = self.upsample_layers[stage](x)
        return self.normal_layers[stage](x)
    def forward(self, c3):
        x = self._forward_stage(0, c3)  # 14
        x = self._forward_stage(1, x)  # 28
        x = self._forward_stage(2, x)  # 56
        x = self.projback(x)
        return x
class SimDecoder(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channel, encoder_stride) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.projback = nn.Sequential(
            LayerNorm(in_channel),
            nn.Conv2d(
                in_channels=in_channel,
                out_channels=encoder_stride ** 2 * 3, kernel_size=1),
            nn.PixelShuffle(encoder_stride),
        )
    def forward(self, c3):
        return self.projback(c3)
def get_gpu_states(fwd_gpu_devices) -> Tuple[List[int], List[torch.Tensor]]:
    # This will not error out if "arg" is a CPU tensor or a non-tensor type because
    # the conditionals short-circuit.
    fwd_gpu_states = []
    for device in fwd_gpu_devices:
        with torch.cuda.device(device):
            fwd_gpu_states.append(torch.cuda.get_rng_state())
    return fwd_gpu_states
def get_gpu_device(*args):
    fwd_gpu_devices = list(set(arg.get_device() for arg in args
                               if isinstance(arg, torch.Tensor) and arg.is_cuda))
    return fwd_gpu_devices
def set_device_states(fwd_cpu_state, devices, states) -> None:
    torch.set_rng_state(fwd_cpu_state)
    for device, state in zip(devices, states):
        with torch.cuda.device(device):
            torch.cuda.set_rng_state(state)
def detach_and_grad(inputs: Tuple[Any, ...]) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, ...]:
    if isinstance(inputs, tuple):
        out = []
        for inp in inputs:
            if not isinstance(inp, torch.Tensor):
                out.append(inp)
                continue
            x = inp.detach()
            x.requires_grad = True
            out.append(x)
        return tuple(out)
    else:
        raise RuntimeError(
            "Only tuple of tensors is supported. Got Unsupported input type: ", type(inputs).__name__)
def get_cpu_and_gpu_states(gpu_devices):
    return torch.get_rng_state(), get_gpu_states(gpu_devices)
class ReverseFunction(torch.autograd.Function):
    @staticmethod
    def forward(ctx, run_functions, alpha, *args):
        l0, l1, l2, l3 = run_functions
        alpha0, alpha1, alpha2, alpha3 = alpha
        ctx.run_functions = run_functions
        ctx.alpha = alpha
        ctx.preserve_rng_state = True
        ctx.gpu_autocast_kwargs = {"enabled": torch.is_autocast_enabled(),
                                   "dtype": torch.get_autocast_gpu_dtype(),
                                   "cache_enabled": torch.is_autocast_cache_enabled()}
        ctx.cpu_autocast_kwargs = {"enabled": torch.is_autocast_cpu_enabled(),
                                   "dtype": torch.get_autocast_cpu_dtype(),
                                   "cache_enabled": torch.is_autocast_cache_enabled()}
        assert len(args) == 5
        [x, c0, c1, c2, c3] = args
        if type(c0) == int:
            ctx.first_col = True
        else:
            ctx.first_col = False
        with torch.no_grad():
            gpu_devices = get_gpu_device(*args)
            ctx.gpu_devices = gpu_devices
            ctx.cpu_states_0, ctx.gpu_states_0 = get_cpu_and_gpu_states(gpu_devices)
            c0 = l0(x, c1) + c0 * alpha0
            ctx.cpu_states_1, ctx.gpu_states_1 = get_cpu_and_gpu_states(gpu_devices)
            c1 = l1(c0, c2) + c1 * alpha1
            ctx.cpu_states_2, ctx.gpu_states_2 = get_cpu_and_gpu_states(gpu_devices)
            c2 = l2(c1, c3) + c2 * alpha2
            ctx.cpu_states_3, ctx.gpu_states_3 = get_cpu_and_gpu_states(gpu_devices)
            c3 = l3(c2, None) + c3 * alpha3
        ctx.save_for_backward(x, c0, c1, c2, c3)
        return x, c0, c1, c2, c3
    @staticmethod
    def backward(ctx, *grad_outputs):
        x, c0, c1, c2, c3 = ctx.saved_tensors
        l0, l1, l2, l3 = ctx.run_functions
        alpha0, alpha1, alpha2, alpha3 = ctx.alpha
        gx_right, g0_right, g1_right, g2_right, g3_right = grad_outputs
        (x, c0, c1, c2, c3) = detach_and_grad((x, c0, c1, c2, c3))
        with torch.enable_grad(), \
                torch.random.fork_rng(devices=ctx.gpu_devices, enabled=ctx.preserve_rng_state), \
                torch.cuda.amp.autocast(**ctx.gpu_autocast_kwargs), \
                torch.cpu.amp.autocast(**ctx.cpu_autocast_kwargs):
            g3_up = g3_right
            g3_left = g3_up * alpha3  ##shortcut
            set_device_states(ctx.cpu_states_3, ctx.gpu_devices, ctx.gpu_states_3)
            oup3 = l3(c2, None)
            torch.autograd.backward(oup3, g3_up, retain_graph=True)
            with torch.no_grad():
                c3_left = (1 / alpha3) * (c3 - oup3)  ## feature reverse
            g2_up = g2_right + c2.grad
            g2_left = g2_up * alpha2  ##shortcut
            (c3_left,) = detach_and_grad((c3_left,))
            set_device_states(ctx.cpu_states_2, ctx.gpu_devices, ctx.gpu_states_2)
            oup2 = l2(c1, c3_left)
            torch.autograd.backward(oup2, g2_up, retain_graph=True)
            c3_left.requires_grad = False
            cout3 = c3_left * alpha3  ##alpha3 update
            torch.autograd.backward(cout3, g3_up)
            with torch.no_grad():
                c2_left = (1 / alpha2) * (c2 - oup2)  ## feature reverse
            g3_left = g3_left + c3_left.grad if c3_left.grad is not None else g3_left
            g1_up = g1_right + c1.grad
            g1_left = g1_up * alpha1  ##shortcut
            (c2_left,) = detach_and_grad((c2_left,))
            set_device_states(ctx.cpu_states_1, ctx.gpu_devices, ctx.gpu_states_1)
            oup1 = l1(c0, c2_left)
            torch.autograd.backward(oup1, g1_up, retain_graph=True)
            c2_left.requires_grad = False
            cout2 = c2_left * alpha2  ##alpha2 update
            torch.autograd.backward(cout2, g2_up)
            with torch.no_grad():
                c1_left = (1 / alpha1) * (c1 - oup1)  ## feature reverse
            g0_up = g0_right + c0.grad
            g0_left = g0_up * alpha0  ##shortcut
            g2_left = g2_left + c2_left.grad if c2_left.grad is not None else g2_left  ## Fusion
            (c1_left,) = detach_and_grad((c1_left,))
            set_device_states(ctx.cpu_states_0, ctx.gpu_devices, ctx.gpu_states_0)
            oup0 = l0(x, c1_left)
            torch.autograd.backward(oup0, g0_up, retain_graph=True)
            c1_left.requires_grad = False
            cout1 = c1_left * alpha1  ##alpha1 update
            torch.autograd.backward(cout1, g1_up)
            with torch.no_grad():
                c0_left = (1 / alpha0) * (c0 - oup0)  ## feature reverse
            gx_up = x.grad  ## Fusion
            g1_left = g1_left + c1_left.grad if c1_left.grad is not None else g1_left  ## Fusion
            c0_left.requires_grad = False
            cout0 = c0_left * alpha0  ##alpha0 update
            torch.autograd.backward(cout0, g0_up)
        if ctx.first_col:
            return None, None, gx_up, None, None, None, None
        else:
            return None, None, gx_up, g0_left, g1_left, g2_left, g3_left
class Fusion(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, level, channels, first_col) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.level = level
        self.first_col = first_col
        self.down = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(channels[level - 1], channels[level], kernel_size=2, stride=2),
            LayerNorm(channels[level], eps=1e-6, data_format="channels_first"),
        ) if level in [1, 2, 3] else nn.Identity()
        if not first_col:
            self.up = UpSampleConvnext(1, channels[level + 1], channels[level]) if level in [0, 1, 2] else nn.Identity()
    def forward(self, *args):
        c_down, c_up = args
        if self.first_col:
            x = self.down(c_down)
            return x
        if self.level == 3:
            x = self.down(c_down)
        else:
            x = self.up(c_up) + self.down(c_down)
        return x
class Level(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, level, channels, layers, kernel_size, first_col, dp_rate=0.0) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        countlayer = sum(layers[:level])
        expansion = 4
        self.fusion = Fusion(level, channels, first_col)
        modules = [ConvNextBlock(channels[level], expansion * channels[level], channels[level], kernel_size=kernel_size,
                                 layer_scale_init_value=1e-6, drop_path=dp_rate[countlayer + i]) for i in
                   range(layers[level])]
        self.blocks = nn.Sequential(*modules)
    def forward(self, *args):
        x = self.fusion(*args)
        x = self.blocks(x)
        return x
class SubNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, channels, layers, kernel_size, first_col, dp_rates, save_memory) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        shortcut_scale_init_value = 0.5
        self.save_memory = save_memory
        self.alpha0 = nn.Parameter(shortcut_scale_init_value * torch.ones((1, channels[0], 1, 1)),
                                   requires_grad=True) if shortcut_scale_init_value > 0 else None
        self.alpha1 = nn.Parameter(shortcut_scale_init_value * torch.ones((1, channels[1], 1, 1)),
                                   requires_grad=True) if shortcut_scale_init_value > 0 else None
        self.alpha2 = nn.Parameter(shortcut_scale_init_value * torch.ones((1, channels[2], 1, 1)),
                                   requires_grad=True) if shortcut_scale_init_value > 0 else None
        self.alpha3 = nn.Parameter(shortcut_scale_init_value * torch.ones((1, channels[3], 1, 1)),
                                   requires_grad=True) if shortcut_scale_init_value > 0 else None
        self.level0 = Level(0, channels, layers, kernel_size, first_col, dp_rates)
        self.level1 = Level(1, channels, layers, kernel_size, first_col, dp_rates)
        self.level2 = Level(2, channels, layers, kernel_size, first_col, dp_rates)
        self.level3 = Level(3, channels, layers, kernel_size, first_col, dp_rates)
    def _forward_nonreverse(self, *args):
        x, c0, c1, c2, c3 = args
        c0 = (self.alpha0) * c0 + self.level0(x, c1)
        c1 = (self.alpha1) * c1 + self.level1(c0, c2)
        c2 = (self.alpha2) * c2 + self.level2(c1, c3)
        c3 = (self.alpha3) * c3 + self.level3(c2, None)
        return c0, c1, c2, c3
    def _forward_reverse(self, *args):
        local_funs = [self.level0, self.level1, self.level2, self.level3]
        alpha = [self.alpha0, self.alpha1, self.alpha2, self.alpha3]
        _, c0, c1, c2, c3 = ReverseFunction.apply(
            local_funs, alpha, *args)
        return c0, c1, c2, c3
    def forward(self, *args):
        self._clamp_abs(self.alpha0.data, 1e-3)
        self._clamp_abs(self.alpha1.data, 1e-3)
        self._clamp_abs(self.alpha2.data, 1e-3)
        self._clamp_abs(self.alpha3.data, 1e-3)
        if self.save_memory:
            return self._forward_reverse(*args)
        else:
            return self._forward_nonreverse(*args)
    def _clamp_abs(self, data, value):
        with torch.no_grad():
            sign = data.sign()
            data.abs_().clamp_(value)
            data *= sign
class Classifier(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, num_classes):
        super().__init__()
        self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
        self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
            nn.LayerNorm(in_channels, eps=1e-6),  # final norm layer
            nn.Linear(in_channels, num_classes),
        )
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.avgpool(x)
        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
        x = self.classifier(x)
        return x
class FullNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, channels=[32, 64, 96, 128], layers=[2, 3, 6, 3], num_subnet=5, kernel_size=3, drop_path=0.0,
                 save_memory=True, inter_supv=True) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.num_subnet = num_subnet
        self.inter_supv = inter_supv
        self.channels = channels
        self.layers = layers
        self.stem = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(3, channels[0], kernel_size=4, stride=4),
            LayerNorm(channels[0], eps=1e-6, data_format="channels_first")
        )
        dp_rate = [x.item() for x in torch.linspace(0, drop_path, sum(layers))]
        for i in range(num_subnet):
            first_col = True if i == 0 else False
            self.add_module(f'subnet{str(i)}', SubNet(
                channels, layers, kernel_size, first_col, dp_rates=dp_rate, save_memory=save_memory))
        self.apply(self._init_weights)
        self.width_list = [i.size(1) for i in self.forward(torch.randn(1, 3, 640, 640))]
    def forward(self, x):
        c0, c1, c2, c3 = 0, 0, 0, 0
        x = self.stem(x)
        for i in range(self.num_subnet):
            c0, c1, c2, c3 = getattr(self, f'subnet{str(i)}')(x, c0, c1, c2, c3)
        return [c0, c1, c2, c3]
    def _init_weights(self, module):
        if isinstance(module, nn.Conv2d):
            trunc_normal_(module.weight, std=.02)
            nn.init.constant_(module.bias, 0)
        elif isinstance(module, nn.Linear):
            trunc_normal_(module.weight, std=.02)
            nn.init.constant_(module.bias, 0)
##-------------------------------------- Tiny -----------------------------------------
def revcol_tiny(save_memory=True, inter_supv=True, drop_path=0.1, kernel_size=3):
    channels = [64, 128, 256, 512]
    layers = [2, 2, 4, 2]
    num_subnet = 4
    return FullNet(channels, layers, num_subnet, drop_path=drop_path, save_memory=save_memory, inter_supv=inter_supv,
                   kernel_size=kernel_size)
##-------------------------------------- Small -----------------------------------------
def revcol_small(save_memory=True, inter_supv=True, drop_path=0.3, kernel_size=3):
    channels = [64, 128, 256, 512]
    layers = [2, 2, 4, 2]
    num_subnet = 8
    return FullNet(channels, layers, num_subnet, drop_path=drop_path, save_memory=save_memory, inter_supv=inter_supv,
                   kernel_size=kernel_size)
##-------------------------------------- Base -----------------------------------------
def revcol_base(save_memory=True, inter_supv=True, drop_path=0.4, kernel_size=3, head_init_scale=None):
    channels = [72, 144, 288, 576]
    layers = [1, 1, 3, 2]
    num_subnet = 16
    return FullNet(channels, layers, num_subnet, drop_path=drop_path, save_memory=save_memory, inter_supv=inter_supv,
                   kernel_size=kernel_size)
##-------------------------------------- Large -----------------------------------------
def revcol_large(save_memory=True, inter_supv=True, drop_path=0.5, kernel_size=3, head_init_scale=None):
    channels = [128, 256, 512, 1024]
    layers = [1, 2, 6, 2]
    num_subnet = 8
    return FullNet(channels, layers, num_subnet, drop_path=drop_path, save_memory=save_memory, inter_supv=inter_supv,
                   kernel_size=kernel_size)
##--------------------------------------Extra-Large -----------------------------------------
def revcol_xlarge(save_memory=True, inter_supv=True, drop_path=0.5, kernel_size=3, head_init_scale=None):
    channels = [224, 448, 896, 1792]
    layers = [1, 2, 6, 2]
    num_subnet = 8
    return FullNet(channels, layers, num_subnet, drop_path=drop_path, save_memory=save_memory, inter_supv=inter_supv,
                   kernel_size=kernel_size)
# model = revcol_xlarge(True)
# # 示例输入
# input = torch.randn(64, 3, 224, 224)
# output = model(input)
#
# print(len(output))#torch.Size([3, 64, 224, 224])

四、手把手教你添加RevColV1机制

这个主干的网络结构添加起来算是所有的改进机制里最麻烦的了，因为有一些网略结构可以用yaml文件搭建出来，有一些网络结构其中的一些细节根本没有办法用yaml文件去搭建，用yaml文件去搭建会损失一些细节部分(而且一个网络结构设计很多细节的结构修改方式都不一样，一个一个去修改大家难免会出错)，所以这里让网络直接返回整个网络，然后修改部分 yolo代码以后就都以这种形式添加了，以后我提出的网络模型基本上都会通过这种方式修改，我也会进行一些模型细节改进。创新出新的网络结构大家直接拿来用就可以的。 下面开始添加教程->

(同时每一个后面都有代码，大家拿来复制粘贴替换即可，但是要看好了不要复制粘贴替换多了)

4.1 修改一

我们复制网络结构代码到“ ultralytics /nn”目录下创建一个py文件复制粘贴进去，我这里起的名字是RevColV1。

4.2 修改二

第二步我们在该目录下创建一个新的py文件名字为'__init__.py'( 用群内的文件的话已经有了无需新建) ，然后在其内部导入我们的检测头如下图所示。

4.3 修改三

第三步我门中到如下文件'ultralytics/nn/tasks.py'进行导入和注册我们的模块( 用群内的文件的话已经有了无需重新导入直接开始第四步即可) ！

从今天开始以后的教程就都统一成这个样子了，因为我默认大家用了我群内的文件来进行修改！！

4.4 修改四

添加如下两行代码！！！

4.5 修改五

找到七百多行大概把具体看图片，按照图片来修改就行，添加红框内的部分，注意没有()只是函数名，我这里只添加了部分的版本，大家有兴趣这个RevColV1还有更多的版本可以添加，看我给的代码函数头即可。

        elif m in {自行添加对应的模型即可，下面都是一样的}:
            m = m()
            c2 = m.width_list  # 返回通道列表
            backbone = True

4.6 修改六

下面的两个红框内都是需要改动的。

        if isinstance(c2, list):
            m_ = m
            m_.backbone = True
        else:
            m_ = nn.Sequential(*(m(*args) for _ in range(n))) if n > 1 else m(*args)  # module
            t = str(m)[8:-2].replace('__main__.', '')  # module type
        m.np = sum(x.numel() for x in m_.parameters())  # number params
        m_.i, m_.f, m_.type = i + 4 if backbone else i, f, t  # attach index, 'from' index, type

4.7 修改七

如下的也需要修改，全部按照我的来。

代码如下把原先的代码替换了即可。

        if verbose:
            LOGGER.info(f'{i:>3}{str(f):>20}{n_:>3}{m.np:10.0f}  {t:<45}{str(args):<30}')  # print
        save.extend(x % (i + 4 if backbone else i) for x in ([f] if isinstance(f, int) else f) if x != -1)  # append to savelist
        layers.append(m_)
        if i == 0:
            ch = []
        if isinstance(c2, list):
            ch.extend(c2)
            if len(c2) != 5:
                ch.insert(0, 0)
        else:
            ch.append(c2)

4.8 修改八

修改七和前面的都不太一样，需要修改前向传播中的一个部分，已经离开了parse_model方法了。

可以在图片中开代码行数，没有离开task.py文件都是同一个文件。同时这个部分有好几个前向传播都很相似，大家不要看错了， 是70多行左右的！！！，同时我后面提供了代码，大家直接复制粘贴即可，有时间我针对这里会出一个视频。

代码如下->

    def _predict_once(self, x, profile=False, visualize=False, embed=None):
        """
        Perform a forward pass through the network.
        Args:
            x (torch.Tensor): The input tensor to the model.
            profile (bool):  Print the computation time of each layer if True, defaults to False.
            visualize (bool): Save the feature maps of the model if True, defaults to False.
            embed (list, optional): A list of feature vectors/embeddings to return.
        Returns:
            (torch.Tensor): The last output of the model.
        """
        y, dt, embeddings = [], [], []  # outputs
        for m in self.model:
            if m.f != -1:  # if not from previous layer
                x = y[m.f] if isinstance(m.f, int) else [x if j == -1 else y[j] for j in m.f]  # from earlier layers
            if profile:
                self._profile_one_layer(m, x, dt)
            if hasattr(m, 'backbone'):
                x = m(x)
                if len(x) != 5:  # 0 - 5
                    x.insert(0, None)
                for index, i in enumerate(x):
                    if index in self.save:
                        y.append(i)
                    else:
                        y.append(None)
                x = x[-1]  # 最后一个输出传给下一层
            else:
                x = m(x)  # run
                y.append(x if m.i in self.save else None)  # save output
            if visualize:
                feature_visualization(x, m.type, m.i, save_dir=visualize)
            if embed and m.i in embed:
                embeddings.append(nn.functional.adaptive_avg_pool2d(x, (1, 1)).squeeze(-1).squeeze(-1))  # flatten
                if m.i == max(embed):
                    return torch.unbind(torch.cat(embeddings, 1), dim=0)
        return x

到这里就完成了修改部分，但是这里面细节很多，大家千万要注意不要替换多余的代码，导致报错，也不要拉下任何一部，都会导致运行失败，而且报错很难排查！！！很难排查！！！

4.9 修改九

我们找到如下文件'ultralytics/utils/torch_utils.py'按照如下的图片进行修改，否则容易打印不出来计算量。

五、RevColV1的yaml文件

复制如下yaml文件进行运行！！！

此版本训练信息：YOLO11-RevColV1 summary: 632 layers, 31,831,739 parameters, 31,831,723 gradients, 77.9 GFLOPs

# 本文建议改进机制模型为YOLOv11-l的读者使用.

# Ultralytics YOLO 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license
# YOLO11 object detection model with P3-P5 outputs. For Usage examples see https://docs.ultralytics.com/tasks/detect
# Parameters
nc: 80 # number of classes
scales: # model compound scaling constants, i.e. 'model=yolo11n.yaml' will call yolo11.yaml with scale 'n'
  # [depth, width, max_channels]
  n: [0.50, 0.25, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 2624080 parameters, 2624064 gradients, 6.6 GFLOPs
  s: [0.50, 0.50, 1024] # summary: 319 layers, 9458752 parameters, 9458736 gradients, 21.7 GFLOPs
  m: [0.50, 1.00, 512] # summary: 409 layers, 20114688 parameters, 20114672 gradients, 68.5 GFLOPs
  l: [1.00, 1.00, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 25372160 parameters, 25372144 gradients, 87.6 GFLOPs
  x: [1.00, 1.50, 512] # summary: 631 layers, 56966176 parameters, 56966160 gradients, 196.0 GFLOPs
# 共四个版本  "revcol_tiny, revcol_base, revcol_small, revcol_large, revcol_xlarge"
# YOLO11n backbone
backbone:
  # [from, repeats, module, args]
  - [-1, 1, revcol_tiny, []] # 0-4 P1/2
  - [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]] # 5
  - [-1, 2, C2PSA, [1024]] # 6
# YOLO11n head
head:
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 3], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 9
  - [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]]
  - [[-1, 2], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat backbone P3
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [256, False]] # 12 (P3/8-small)
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 9], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P4
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [512, False]] # 15 (P4/16-medium)
  - [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]]
  - [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]] # cat head P5
  - [-1, 2, C3k2, [1024, True]] # 18 (P5/32-large)
  - [[12, 15, 18], 1, Detect, [nc]] # Detect(P3, P4, P5)

六、成功运行记录

下面是成功运行的截图，已经完成了有1个epochs的训练，图片太大截不全第2个epochs了。

七、本文总结

到此本文的正式分享内容就结束了，在这里给大家推荐我的YOLOv11改进有效涨点专栏，本专栏目前为新开的平均质量分98分，后期我会根据各种最新的前沿顶会进行论文复现，也会对一些老的改进机制进行补充， 目前本专栏免费阅读(暂时，大家尽早关注不迷路~) ， 如果大家觉得本文帮助到你了，订阅本专栏，关注后续更多的更新~